Pinvalichu Venkayya was an Indian freedom fighter and the designer of the flag on which the Indian national flag was based. Various so-called national flags had been used by members of the Indian independence movement prior to independence being achieved in 1947. Venkayya's version was first designed for the Indian National Congress and subsequently modified in 1947. Venkayya joined the
British Indian Army at the age of 19 and took part in the Anglo-Boer war in Africa. It was during the war that Venkayya met Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and formed an association which would last for more than 50 years. He was an authority in geology, agriculture and
also an educationist who set up an educational institution in Machilipatnam. Diamond Venkayya and Cotton Venkayya were the other two names given to Pingali for his expertise in diamond mining and a keen interest in cotton research respectively.
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